Tuesday, December 24, 2024

Radial Artery for Secondary Access in TAVI: A Safer Alternative

  •  Radial artery access appears to be a safer option than traditional transfemoral access for secondary access during TAVI in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, according to an observational study.
  • Transfemoral secondary access (TF-SA) was more commonly used, but the rate of vascular complications was about 10 times higher compared to transradial secondary access (TR-SA).
  • The study suggests the radial approach should become the preferred choice for secondary access to minimize vascular and bleeding complications.
  • According to the investigators, any additional femoral puncture should be avoided to prevent negative outcomes.
  • The study, part of the PULSE registry, involved 10 hospitals and 8,851 patients, though it was not a randomized controlled trial.
  • Secondary access in TAVI is used for pigtail catheter placement and aortography, with radial access gaining favor due to its lower complication rates in PCI.



Study Findings

  • Data from 10,120 TAVI patients (2016–2021) revealed that TF-SA was used in 7,165 cases and TR-SA in 1,686 cases.
  • Vascular complications occurred in 3.2% of TF-SA patients and 0.3% of TR-SA patients.
  • Major complications were 1.5% with TF-SA and 0.2% with TR-SA (P < 0.001).
  • Bleeding was the most frequent issue (1.5% TF-SA vs 0.2% TR-SA), followed by pseudoaneurysm (1.5% TF-SA vs 0.1% TR-SA).
  • Up to one-third of TF-SA complications required surgical repair.

Matched Comparisons

  • In propensity-matched patients, vascular complications were still higher with TF-SA.
  • 30-day mortality was 3.6% in TF-SA and 1.2% in TR-SA (P = 0.021).
  • Despite increased use, TF-SA remained more common than TR-SA by 2021.

Advantages of Radial Access

  • Shorter hospital stays for TR-SA patients.
  • Reduced workload for medical staff, critical in resource-limited settings.
  • No additional primary site complications were observed in TR-SA patients.
  • Ultrasound guidance is essential to ensure safe radial access, particularly in elderly patients.



Limitations of Radial Access

  • Radial tortuosity may pose challenges, especially in older patients.
  • No straightforward crossover option exists for TR-SA in case of primary access issues.


Take-Home Points

  1. TR-SA is associated with significantly lower vascular and bleeding complications compared to TF-SA.
  2. The radial approach offers benefits like earlier discharge and reduced medical workload.
  3. Ultrasound guidance is critical for the safe implementation of TR-SA.
  4. While challenges remain, the radial artery is emerging as a preferred secondary access site in TAVI procedures.

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